Preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance: a window into endogenous gearing for cerebroprotection

Table 2 Amount of histological protection afforded by preconditioning in selected studies of focal cerebral ischemia

	Protection* (%)	Follow-up**	Ref.
Focal-focal, in rats
15 min MCAO - 72 h later pMCAO	41	24 h	[47]
10 min MCAO - 72 h later 60 min tMCAO	44	7 d	[59]
3 min tMCAO - 72 h later 60 min tMCAO	35	24 h	[57]
Focal-focal, in mice
3 × 5 min tMCAO - 30 min later pMCAO	23	24 h	[50]
3 × 5 min tMCAO - 30 min later 60 min tMCAO	32	24 h	[49]
15 min MCAO - 72 h later 45 min tMCAO	70	24 h	[58]
LPS
LPS 0.5 mg/kg - 72 h later 60 min tMCAO in rats	35	24 h	[98]
Hypoxia
11% oxygen for 2 h - 48 h later 90 min tMCAO in mice	46-64	24 h	[66]
Anestesia
Isoflurane 1.4% for 3 h - 0, 12, and 24 h later pMCAO in rats	31-35	4 d	[113]
Halothane 1.2% for 3 h - 24 h later pMCAO in rats	35	4 d	[113]
Spreading depression
KCl application - 4 days later 120 min tMCAO in rats	43	4 d	[191]
Hyperbaric oxygen
100% oxygen for 1 h, 5 days-24 h later pMCAO in mice	27	24 h	[69]

Ref, references; *Reduction in the ischemic damage due to preconditioning; **Time-point of the histopathological analysis after final ischemia

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