Figure 1

Relevant NOX isoforms in stroke and their respective subunit requirements (adapted from[46]). NOX2, as well as NOX4, seem to be implicated in stoke. Known regulatory proteins are associated with individual isoforms. Activator proteins are coloured in green and organizing proteins in blue. Both isoforms form functional dimers with p22^phox. p47^phox phosphorylation subsequently causes the cytosolic subunits p47^phox, p67^phox, and p40^phox to translocate into membranes and fuse with the catalytic subunit NOX2. This is followed by interaction between Rac and NOX2. Nox4 forms a dimer with p22^phox. Although NOX4 does not appear to require additional regulators, recently some NOX4 binding proteins (DPI and PolDip2) have been discovered whose role needs to be further elucidated. Potential target sites of NADPH oxidase inhibitors are also shown in the scheme.