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Table 2 Overview of regulation, ROS product, and localization of the different NOX isoforms

From: The 1027th target candidate in stroke: Will NADPH oxidase hold up?

Isoform

Regulators

Product

Tissue distribution

Cellular distribution

NOX 1

NOX1 subunits, Rac, PDI, Hsp90, hypoxia

O2 -

Brain, vessels, colon, stomach, uterus, placenta, prostate, retina.

Neurons, astrocytes, microglia, VSMCs, epithelial cells, osteoclasts,

NOX 2

NOX2 subunits, Rac, Hsp90, hypoxia

O2 -

Brain, vessels, liver, muscle.

Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, T-cells, microglia, astrocytes, ECs, fibroblasts, cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, hemapoietic stem cells.

NOX 4

p22phox, PolDip2, PDI, hypoxia

H2O2

Ubiquitous, especially kidney, vessels, lung, bone.

Neurons, astrocytes, ECs, VSMCs, fibroblasts, mesangial cells, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, hepatocytes.

NOX 5

no subunits, but calcium sensitive, Hsp90

O2 -

Testis, spleen, kidney, lymphatic tissue, uterus

ECs, VSMCs, lymphocytes, and several cancer cell lines

  1. ECs, endothelial cells; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; Hsp90: heat shock protein 90; O2 -, superoxide, PDI: protein disulphide isomerase; PolDip2: polymerase (DNA-directed) delta interacting protein; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells.