Table 2 Key imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome [1–3, 9, 26–32]
Imaging modality | Key role and findings on imaging studies |
|---|---|
Transcranial doppler | Non-invasive and provides real time information Detect cerebral embolic signals during CEA Accurately measures cerebral blood flow velocity Measurement of cerebral vasoreactivity Determination of distal internal carotid artery pressure Changes in mean internal carotid artery volume flow |
CT and MRI brain | Detection of : Ischemic changes and focal infarction White matter edema Intracerebral hemorrhage |
MR perfusion | Measurement of cerebral blood flow/volume and inter-hemispheric differences Contralateral carotid artery stenosis and flow difference |
SPECT of the brain | Cerebral blood flow measurement CO2 and acetazolamide studies to determine flow changes Accurate measurement of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity |