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  2. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) consists of the systemic hormone system, critically involved in regulation and homeostasis of normal physiological functions [i.e. blood pressure (BP), blood volume regulatio...

    Authors: Mariana Moreira Coutinho Arroja, Emma Reid and Christopher McCabe
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2016 8:8
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. Cerebral hyperperfusion is a relatively rare syndrome with significant and potentially preventable clinical consequences. The pathophysiology of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) may involve dysregulation...

    Authors: Muhammad U. Farooq, Christopher Goshgarian, Jiangyong Min and Philip B. Gorelick
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2016 8:7
    Content type: Review Published on:

  4. Suspected transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a common presentation to emergency medical services (EMS) in the United Kingdom (UK). Several EMS systems have adopted the ABCD2 score to aid pre-hospital risk str...

    Authors: Scott Munro, Sally Rodbard, Khalid Ali, Claire Horsfield, Wendy Knibb, Janet Holah, Ottilia Speirs and Tom Quinn
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2016 8:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Blood flow restoration with fibrinolysis and thrombectomy is recommended to limit injury in stroke patients with proximal artery occlusion. Angiotensin receptor blockers have been shown to be neuroprotective i...

    Authors: Ahmed Alhusban, Anna Kozak, Wael Eldahshan, Adviye Ergul and Susan C. Fagan
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2016 8:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2016 8:5

  7. From October 30–November 1, 2015, the 7th NEUROWIND e.V. meeting was held in Motzen, Brandenburg, Germany. Seventy doctoral students and postdocs from over 25 different groups working in German and Swiss Unive...

    Authors: Thomas Korn, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Tim Magnus, Sven G. Meuth and Ralf A. Linker
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2016 8:3
    Content type: Meeting report Published on:

  8. Cerebral collateral circulation is a subsidiary vascular network, which is dynamically recruited after arterial occlusion, and represents a powerful determinant of ischemic stroke outcome. Although several met...

    Authors: Elisa Cuccione, Giada Padovano, Alessandro Versace, Carlo Ferrarese and Simone Beretta
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2016 8:2
    Content type: Review Published on:

  9. No evidence-based therapy is available for patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In view of the profound inflammatory reaction in the perilesional tissue, we investigated in a well-characterized ...

    Authors: Frieder Schlunk, Waltraud Pfeilschifter, Kazim Yigitkanli, Eng H. Lo and Christian Foerch
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2016 8:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Ischemic brain injury disrupts the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and then triggers a cascade of events, leading to edema formation, secondary brain injury and poor neurological outcomes. Recently, we have shown th...

    Authors: Sung-Ha Hong, Larissa Khoutorova, Nicolas G Bazan and Ludmila Belayev
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2015 7:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Early recanalization of occluded vessels in stroke is closely associated with improved clinical outcome. Microbubble-enhanced sonothrombolysis is a promising therapy to improve recanalization rates and reduce ...

    Authors: Amelia J Tomkins, Nadine Schleicher, Lucy Murtha, Manfred Kaps, Christopher R Levi, Max Nedelmann and Neil J Spratt
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2015 7:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. From October 31th – November 2nd, 2014, the 6th NEUROWIND e.V. meeting was held in Motzen, Brandenburg, Germany. 70 doctoral students and postdocs from over 25 different groups working in German and Swiss univ...

    Authors: Christoph Kleinschnitz, Ralf A Linker, Tim Magnus, Thomas Korn and Sven G Meuth
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2015 7:1
    Content type: Meeting report Published on:

  13. Sterile inflammation is a substantial element of post-stroke pathophysiology with the determination of autoimmunity versus tolerance being one of its most important aspects. It is believed that this determinat...

    Authors: Claudia Pösel, Anna Uri, Isabell Schulz, Johannes Boltze, Gesa Weise and Daniel-Christoph Wagner
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:11
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  14. After the failure of so many drugs and therapies for acute ischemic stroke, innovative approaches are needed to develop new treatments. One promising strategy is to test combinations of agents in the pre-hospi...

    Authors: Md Nasrul Hoda, Susan C Fagan, Mohammad B Khan, Kumar Vaibhav, Aizaz Chaudhary, Phillip Wang, Krishnan M Dhandapani, Jennifer L Waller and David C Hess
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. The role of autophagy in response to ischemic stroke has been confusing with reports that both enhancement and inhibition of autophagy decrease infarct size and improve post-stroke outcomes. We sought to clari...

    Authors: Kathleen M Buckley, Daniel L Hess, Irina Y Sazonova, Sudharsan Periyasamy-Thandavan, John R Barrett, Russell Kirks, Harrison Grace, Galina Kondrikova, Maribeth H Johnson, David C Hess, Patricia V Schoenlein, Md Nasrul Hoda and William D Hill
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. The brain endothelium is a key component of the blood brain barrier which is compromised following ischemia, allowing infiltration of damaging immune cells and other inflammatory molecules into the brain. Intr...

    Authors: Alexander Widiapradja, Tomislav Santro, Milan Basta, Christopher G Sobey, Silvia Manzanero and Thiruma V Arumugam
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:7
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  18. Although there are many experimental studies describing the methodology of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the literature, only limited data on these distinct anatomical structures and the detai...

    Authors: Aslan Güzel, Roland Rölz, Guido Nikkhah, Ulf D Kahlert and Jaroslaw Maciaczyk
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Efforts to develop stroke treatments have met with limited success despite an intense need to produce novel treatments. The failed translation of many of these therapies in clinical trials has lead to a close ...

    Authors: Simon R Platt, Shannon P Holmes, Elizabeth W Howerth, Kylee Jo J Duberstein, C Robert Dove, Holly A Kinder, Emily L Wyatt, Amie V Linville, Vivian W Lau, Steven L Stice, William D Hill, David C Hess and Franklin D West
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. The role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke is increasingly recognized. However, targeted treatment strategies to modulate immunological pathways in stroke are still lacking. ...

    Authors: Peter Kraft, Kerstin Göbel, Sven G Meuth and Christoph Kleinschnitz
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:4
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  21. Both the immobilization of the unaffected arm combined with physical therapy (forced arm use, FAU) and voluntary exercise (VE) as model for enriched environment are promising approaches to enhance recovery aft...

    Authors: Armin Schneider, Andreas Rogalewski, Oliver Wafzig, Friederike Kirsch, Norbert Gretz, Carola Krüger, Kai Diederich, Claudia Pitzer, Rico Laage, Christian Plaas, Gerhard Vogt, Jens Minnerup and Wolf-Rüdiger Schäbitz
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Efficacy of neuroprotective treatments for ischemic stroke was not convincingly demonstrated in clinical phase III trials so far, whereas some preceding early phase studies found neuroprotection to be benefici...

    Authors: Jens Minnerup, Heike Wersching, Matthias Schilling and Wolf Rüdiger Schäbitz
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. There is growing evidence that endothelial failure and subsequent blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown initiate cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) pathology. In spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (S...

    Authors: Solveig Niklass, Stoyan Stoyanov, Cornelia Garz, Celine Z Bueche, Stine Mencl, Klaus Reymann, Hans-Jochen Heinze, Roxana O Carare, Christoph Kleinschnitz and Stefanie Schreiber
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2014 6:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Brain ischemia is known to include neuronal cell death and persisting neurological deficits. A lack of oxygen and glucose are considered to be key mediators of ischemic neurodegeneration while the exact mechan...

    Authors: Petra Ehling, Eva Göb, Stefan Bittner, Thomas Budde, Andreas Ludwig, Christoph Kleinschnitz and Sven G Meuth
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. From october 25th - 27th 2013, the 5th NEUROWIND e.V. meeting was held in Motzen, Brandenburg, Germany. This year more than 60 doctoral students and postdocs from over 25 different groups working in German uni...

    Authors: Ralf A Linker, Tim Magnus, Thomas Korn, Christoph Kleinschnitz and Sven G Meuth
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:15
    Content type: Meeting report Published on:

  26. Stroke is regularly accompanied by dysphagia and other factors associated with decreased nutritional intake. Dysphagia with aspiration pneumonia and insufficient nutritional intake lead to worse outcome after ...

    Authors: Rainer Wirth, Christine Smoliner, Martin Jäger, Tobias Warnecke, Andreas H Leischker and Rainer Dziewas
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:14
    Content type: Review Published on:

  27. The human population mostly affected by stroke is more than 65 years old. This study was designed to meet the recommendation that models of cerebral ischemia in aged animals are more relevant to the clinical s...

    Authors: Slavianka G Moyanova, Rumiana G Mitreva, Lidia V Kortenska, Ferdinando Nicoletti and Richard T Ngomba
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Exogenous administration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10), is known to promote neuroprotection and mitigate neuroinflammation after ischemia. However, endogenous expression and localiz...

    Authors: Abdelrahman Y Fouda, Anna Kozak, Ahmed Alhusban, Jeffrey A Switzer and Susan C Fagan
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:12
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  29. Systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the standard of acute stroke care. Its potential to increase the risk of secondary intracerebral hemorrhage, especially if adminis...

    Authors: Aijia Cai, Frieder Schlunk, Ferdinand Bohmann, Sepide Kashefiolasl, Robert Brunkhorst, Christian Foerch and Waltraud Pfeilschifter
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Structural plasticity with synapse formation and elimination is a key component of memory capacity and may be critical for functional recovery after brain injury. Here we describe in detail two surgical techni...

    Authors: Christian Stetter, Markus Hirschberg, Bernhard Nieswandt, Ralf-Ingo Ernestus, Manfred Heckmann and Anna-Leena Sirén
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:9
    Content type: Review Published on:

  32. Human cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has distinct histopathologic and imaging findings in its advanced stages. In spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP), a well-established animal model of ...

    Authors: Stine Mencl, Cornelia Garz, Solveig Niklass, Holger Braun, Eva Göb, György Homola, Hans-Jochen Heinze, Klaus G Reymann, Christoph Kleinschnitz and Stefanie Schreiber
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:8
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  33. To assess acute effects of bevacizumab (anti-VEGF therapy) on cerebral microvessels and systemic cardiovascular regulation.

    Authors: Manja Reimann, Gunnar Folprecht, Rocco Haase, Karolin Trautmann, Gerhard Ehninger, Heinz Reichmann, Focke Ziemssen and Tjalf Ziemssen
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. This article reviews experimental and clinical data on the use of magnesium as a neuroprotective agent in various conditions of cerebral ischemia. Whereas magnesium has shown neuroprotective properties in anim...

    Authors: Thomas Westermaier, Christian Stetter, Ekkehard Kunze, Nadine Willner, Furat Raslan, Giles H Vince and Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:6
    Content type: Review Published on:

  35. N-Acetylcystein (NAC) reduces the reperfusion injury and infarct size in experimental macroangiopathic stroke. Here we now investigate the impact of NAC on the development of the histopathology of microangiopa...

    Authors: Celine Zoe Bueche, Cornelia Garz, Siegfried Kropf, Daniel Bittner, Wenjie Li, Michael Goertler, Hans-Jochen Heinze, Klaus Reymann, Holger Braun and Stefanie Schreiber
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD, cerebral microangiopathy) leads to dementia and stroke-like symptoms. Lacunes, white matter lesions (WML) and microbleeds are the main pathological correlates depicted in i...

    Authors: Stefanie Schreiber, Celine Zoe Bueche, Cornelia Garz and Holger Braun
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:4
    Content type: Review Published on:

  38. Many survivors of stroke experience arm impairments, which can severely impact their quality of life. Forcing use of the impaired arm appears to improve functional recovery in post-stroke hemiplegic patients, ...

    Authors: Jessica M Livingston-Thomas and R Andrew Tasker
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:2
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. Previous reports assessing the neuroprotective role of nonselective Nitric Oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine-methylester (L-NAME) following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion are contradictory. The ...

    Authors: Hiba A Awooda, Mohamed F Lutfi, Gihan M Sharara and Amal M Saeed
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Stroke occurs more frequently in the elderly population and presents the number one leading cause of persistent disability worldwide. Lack of effective treatment to enhance brain repair and improve functional ...

    Authors: Chun-Shu Piao, Maria E Gonzalez-Toledo, Xi Gu and Li-Ru Zhao
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Excessive tryptophan metabolism to kynurenine by the rate-limiting enzyme endothelial indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) controls arterial vessel relaxation and causes hypotension in murine endotoxemia. Howev...

    Authors: Jan-Sören Padberg, Matijs Van Meurs, Jan T Kielstein, Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer, Stefanie M Bode-Böger, Jan G Zijlstra, Csaba P Kovesdy and Philipp Kümpers
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:24
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  42. Delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious medical complication, characterized by constriction of cerebral arteries leading to varying degrees of cerebral ischemia. Numerou...

    Authors: Furat Raslan, Christiane Albert-Weißenberger, Thomas Westermaier, Saker Saker, Christoph Kleinschnitz and Jin-Yul Lee
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. From November 2nd - 4th 2012, the 4th NEUROWIND e.V. meeting was held in Motzen, Brandenburg, Germany. Again more than 60 participants, predominantly at the doctoral student or postdoc level, gathered to share th...

    Authors: Ralf A Linker, Sven G Meuth, Tim Magnus, Thomas Korn and Christoph Kleinschnitz
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:22
    Content type: Meeting report Published on:

  44. Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elevated plasma aldosterone levels are an independent cardiovascular risk factor and are thought to contribute to hypertension, a major ...

    Authors: Quynh N Dinh, Thiruma V Arumugam, Morag J Young, Grant R Drummond, Christopher G Sobey and Sophocles Chrissobolis
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:21
    Content type: Review Published on:

  45. The pathophysiology of sterile inflammation following focal ischemic stroke is complex and not fully understood, but there is growing evidence that it offers several therapeutic options beyond the hitherto exi...

    Authors: Karoline Möller, Tobias Stahl, Johannes Boltze and Daniel-Christoph Wagner
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:20
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  46. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) complexed to human serum albumin (Alb) is neuroprotective after experimental stroke. Here we tested using lower concentrations of albumin as part of the complex to achieve neuroprote...

    Authors: Tiffany N Eady, Larissa Khoutorova, Kristal D Atkins, Nicolas G Bazan and Ludmila Belayev
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. A new thromboembolic animal model showed beneficial effects of t-PA with an infarct volume reduction of 36.8% in swiss mice. Because knock-out animal experiments for stroke frequently used C57BL76 mice we eval...

    Authors: Friederike L Langhauser, Patrick M Heiler, Saskia Grudzenski, Andreas Lemke, Angelika Alonso, Lothar R Schad, Michael G Hennerici, Stephen Meairs and Marc Fatar
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM MNC) have been effectively used to treat experimental stroke. Most of the preclinical trials have been performed in young and healthy laboratory animals, even though a...

    Authors: Daniel-Christoph Wagner, Mitja Bojko, Myriam Peters, Marlene Lorenz, Cornelia Voigt, Alexander Kaminski, Dirk Hasenclever, Markus Scholz, Alexander Kranz, Gesa Weise and Johannes Boltze
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Intracerebral administration of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, CGP42112, is neuroprotective in a rat model of ischemic stroke. To explore further its possible cellular target(s) and therapeuti...

    Authors: Seyoung Lee, Vanessa H Brait, Thiruma V Arumugam, Megan A Evans, Hyun Ah Kim, Robert E Widdop, Grant R Drummond, Christopher G Sobey and Emma S Jones
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Neuroglobin is considered to be a novel important pharmacological target in combating stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, although the mechanism by which this protection is accomplished remains an enigma. ...

    Authors: Zindy Raida, Christian Ansgar Hundahl, Jesper Kelsen, Jens Randel Nyengaard and Anders Hay-Schmidt
    Citation: Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2012 4:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine 2013 5:10

Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine

ISSN: 2040-7378

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